Property tax is calculated by the local municipal corporation using factors like built-up area, location, property type (residential/commercial), age of building, floor factor, and usage. Most cities use either the Unit Area Value (UAV) system, Annual Rental Value (ARV) system, or Capital Value system.

Most municipal corporations allow bi-annual (April and October) or annual payment. Many cities offer 5-10% early-bird discount for paying before the deadline. Payment can be made online through the respective municipal corporation's website, at ward offices, or through authorised banks.

Late payment attracts a penalty of 1-2% per month depending on the city. Prolonged non-payment can result in property attachment, denial of mutation/transfer, and legal action. Some cities also deny building permissions and water/sewage connections for tax defaulters.

Yes. Senior citizens, ex-servicemen, physically handicapped persons, and widows may get 25-50% tax rebate in many cities. Agricultural land is generally exempt. Self-occupied property may have lower rates than rented property. Some cities also exempt properties below a certain area threshold.